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'{{short description|Cambodian dance drama genre}} {{Infobox intangible heritage | Image = Lakhon Khol.jpg | Caption = Monkey character from Lakhon Khol | ICH = Lakhon Khol<br />Khmer Masked Theatre <br />{{nobold|ល្ខោនខោល}} | State Party = Cambodia | Domains = Performing arts | ID = 1374 | Region = APA | Year = 2018 | Session = 13th | List = Lakhon Khol Wat Svay Andet Inscribed in 2018 (13.COM) on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. | Link = https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/lkhon-khol-wat-svay-andet-01374 | Below = [[File:Unesco Cultural Heritage logo.svg|100px]] }} '''Lakhon Khol''' ({{lang-km|ល្ខោនខោល}}, {{transl|km|Lkhaôn Khaôl}}; {{IPA-km|lkʰaon kʰaol}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEAlang Dictionary |url=http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9B&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.sealang.net}}</ref> or '''Khmer Masked Theatre''' is a dance drama genre that is performed in [[Cambodia]]. == History == Lakhon Khol is a traditional theatre performance of [[Cambodia]]. Mask theatre of [[Cambodia]] having its origins during the [[Angkor]] period. It is believed to have begun during the 10th century through the inscription K.99 [[Sambor Prei Kuk]] temple in the reign of King [[Jayavarman V]] (CE 968-1001).<ref>Sambor Prei Kuk stone inscription K.99 Talk about the 50 people sent to Angkor City for a servant at Royal Palace and only 6 people in the group move to home dance Khol.</ref> '''Lakhon Khol''' is believed to be a derivative of the [[Drama]], acronym in the High Priest's Dictionary [[Chuon Nath]]. That short forms can be interpreted as a form of drama, played out in a series of short stories. The word ''Khol'' Is encountered in a number of other rocks, such as K.566-a a rock above the Stung Sreng [[Siem Reap]] province inscribed at the end of the 10th century Which refers to wearing a mask dance. The theatrical drama was developed from the Khmer shadow theatre called "Lakhon Sbeak Thom; {{lang-km|ល្ខោនស្បែកធំ}}”.<ref>"Steong-Sreng" Siem Reap stone inscription K.566-a said the face Khol theatre.(Saka 901 = A.D.979)</ref> Lakhon Khol was recorded by [[Henri Mouhot]] at a restaurant dinner with a dance performance in the Royal Palace in the city [[Oudong]] with King [[Ang Duong]] in 1856.<ref>[[Henri Mouhot]]: "Travel in Indochina 1848-1856, The Annam and Cambodia"</ref> <ref name=" Henri Mouhot ">{{cite book|author=Paul Cravath|title=From Earth in Flower: The Divine Mystery of the Cambodian Dance Drama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDWGAAAAMAAJ|date=May 2008|publisher=DatAsia, 2007|isbn=978-1-934431-28-3|pages= 514–}}</ref> Until the Royal [[King Sisowath]], the royal dance in the form of dance was frequently performed for French diplomats or anthropologists to be entertained by the love of Khmer classical dance.[[George Groslier]] compiled the diary "Danseuses Cambodgiennes, Anciennes & Modernes" 1913.<ref name=" George Groslier ">{{cite book|author=George Groslier|title=From Danseuses Cambodgiennes, Anciennes & Modernes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHQGSQAACAAJ|date=1913|publisher=A. Challamel, 1913|pages= 178–}}</ref> Royal dance in the form of '''Lakhon Khol''' means that the king royal dance is a form of dance masks. The evolution of Cambodian dance art is linked to nature, social class, and Brahmin religion, the original religion of the country [[India]], [[Hindu religion]], which is related to the story incorporated into the art of Cambodian dance, the liveliness of Cambodian dances are recorded by [[George Coedes]] (La dance du Cambodge) in 1944.<ref name=" George Coedes ">{{cite book|author= Paul Cravath|title=From Asian Theatre Journal- The Ritual Origins of the Classical Dance Drama of Cambodia|date=Autumn 1986|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press on behalf of Association for Asian Performance (AAP) of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education (ATHE)|pages= 179–203|jstor=1124400}}</ref> Lakhon Khol reappeared once again in the 20th century in King [[Sisowath]] and continued to King [[Norodom Sihanouk]] in 1948, after the end of the [[World War II]] by organizing a rehearsal Initially, he visited the Vegetable History at (Lakhon Khol Wat Svay Andet) in [[Kandal Province]], which performed theatrical theatre for rainfall and peace to the community every year. The visit to [[Norodom Sihanouk]] 's Wat Svay Andet masked dance theatre was published in 1948 as the first magazine in the journal "Kampuchea Soriya" by [[Chhim Krasem|Tep Pitur Chhim Krasem]] or Duke of (Krosem Kuntheak Bondit).<ref>Cambodia scholarship of Cambodia culture Founder Buddhist Institute of Cambodia 1930</ref> In the Soriya Magazine (March 3, 1948), the 3rd edition was published in March 1948, titled "The Lakhon Khol Wat Svay Andet" and stated in the NPL "The theatre is limited to the only thing related to [[Hinduism]]. Which only plays for the divinities of divisions, such as [[Reamker]] and some other things." Later, there was a Giant with Hanuman statue iconic Lakhon Khol In [[Phnom Penh]] in 1954, after independence from [[France]], but the statue lost and instead the [[Chuon Nath]] statue still remains. [[File:Lakhon Khol Khmer 3.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Lakhon Khol performance]] Another specific story of the theatrical performance is the Reamker, the Khmer legend of the [[Ramayana]]. The performance includes an introduction to storytellers who play an important role in the performance and classical music of the Pin Peat. The theatre was popular in the Lon Nol era, and then became King Sihanouk's favourite wife. There were eight teams of specialist theatre and then ravaged by war, but now only one group is at Wat Svay Andet, {{cvt|15|km}} away from [[Phnom Penh]]. Two new groups started in the war, including the Kampong Thom and National Theater troupes from the Department of Fine Arts and the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts. And now the drama is also part of the schedule of studies at the University of Fine Arts. Lakhon Khol was Inscribed in a tentative list of [[UNESCO]] intangible culture heritage as Urgent safeguarding on March 31, 2017, by the Ministry of culture and fine art. On November 28, 2018, Lkhon Khol Wat Svay Andet was included in the [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding]] of [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/art/30359505|title=Lakhon Khol gets Unesco Heritage status - The Nation|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/intangible-heritage-seven-elements-inscribed-list-need-urgent-safeguarding|title=Intangible Heritage: Seven elements inscribed on the List in Need of Urgent Safeguarding|website=UNESCO|date=28 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> == Lakhon Khol Characters == [[File:Lakhon Khol Art painting.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Lakhon Khol Art painting]] Lakhon Khol Characters is divided into 4 forms types of masks actors === Devas Characters === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | <span style="color:#008000;">'''Devas Casting'''</span> | <span style="color:#000080;">'''Color Characters'''</span> | <span style="color:#000000;">'''Character type'''</span> |- | Ream as [[Rama]] | {{colorbox|#228B22}} | |- | Preah Leak as [[Lakshmana]] | {{colorbox|#FADA5E}} | |- | Seyda as [[Sita]] | {{colorbox|#8B0000}} | |} === 19 Monkeys General Characters === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | <span style="color:#800000;">'''19 Monkeys General Casting'''</span> | <span style="color:#000080;">'''Color Characters'''</span> | <span style="color:#000000;">'''Character type'''</span> |- | [[Hanuman]] | {{colorbox|White}} | Commander of the Monkey Army |} === Asura Characters === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | <span style="color:#006400;">'''Asura Casting'''</span> | <span style="color:#000080;">'''Color Characters'''</span> | <span style="color:#000000;">'''Character type'''</span> |- | Krong Reap as [[Ravana]] | {{colorbox|#701C1C}} | King of The [[Lanka]] City |} === Animals Creatures Characters === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | <span style="color:#008B8B;">'''Animal Casting'''</span> | <span style="color:#000080;">'''Color Characters'''</span> | <span style="color:#000000;">'''Character type'''</span> |- | Tupi | {{colorbox|#6495ED}} | King of [[Water Buffalo|Buffalo]] |} == The Group Local of Lakhon Khol == * Lakhon Khol [[Phnom Penh]] * Lakhon Khol [[Battambang Province]] * Lakhon Khol [[Pursat Province]] * Lakhon Khol [[Kampong Thom Province]] * Lakhon Khol Wat Svay Andet [[Kandal Province]] ([[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding]]) * Lakhon Khol Teok Khleang Village [[Kandal Province]] * Lakhon Khol Khoh Rak Village [[Kandal Province]] * Lakhon Khol Tycoon Island Or Khoh Og Nha Tey [[Kandal Province]] * Lakhon Khol Parong Village [[Kandal Province]] * Lakhon Khol Kien Svay pagoda [[Kandal Province]] {{wide image|Cambodian dance Reamker.png|935px|Lakhon Khol Mask dance battle of [[Reamker]] A scene fighting between [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]] performed in the courtyard of the [[Silver Pagoda]] [[Phnom Penh]], c. 1900s~1920s}} == See also == *[[Royal Ballet of Cambodia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/royal-ballet-of-cambodia-00060|title=Royal ballet of Cambodia - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-01}}</ref> *[[Dance of Cambodia]] *[[Culture of Cambodia|Khmer culture]] *[[Theatre of Cambodia]] *[[Chapei dong veng|Chapei Dang Veng]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/news/intangible-heritage-cambodia-will-receive-financial-support-for-the-urgent-safeguarding-of-chapei-dang-veng-musical-tradition-00218|title=Intangible Heritage: Cambodia will receive financial support for the urgent safeguarding of Chapei Dang Veng musical tradition - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-01}}</ref> *[[Tug of war|Lbeng Teanh Prot]] *[[Robam Tep Apsara|Apsara dance]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/royal-ballet-of-cambodia-00060|title=Royal ballet of Cambodia - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-01}}</ref> *[[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|UNESCO intangible world heritage of Cambodia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/search-00795?q=Cambodia|title=Search within UNESCO ICH website - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-01}}</ref> * [[Nuon Kan]] ==References== ===Bibliography=== * <span id="Mortland">Carol A. Mortland, et al. (1994). ''Cambodian Culture since 1975:Homeland and Exile'', Cornell University Press</span> * Theatre in Southeast Asia, by James R. Brandon (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press 1967) * Theatre in the East, by Faubion Bowers (New York T. Nelson 1956) * The Cambridge Guide to Theater, by Martin Banham (Cambridge University Press) * Dictionary of Traditional Southeast Asian Theatre by Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof.(Oxford University Press. 1994.) * Sasagawa, Hideo (2005). Post/colonial Discourses on the Cambodian Court Dance[permanent dead link], Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 42, No. 4, March 2005 === Notes === {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lakhon Khol}} [[Category:Performing arts in Cambodia]] [[Category:Masked dances]] [[Category:Masquerade ceremonies in Asia]] {{UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding|state=collapsed}}'